Urea
Urea is a chemical compound with the formula CO(NH₂)₂. It is a colorless, odorless, and highly soluble solid. It is also widely used in agriculture and industry. In fertilizers, it provides plants with nitrogen, an essential nutrient for their growth.
Automotive-grade urea, also known as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), is a high-purity solution of 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water. It is primarily used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems in diesel vehicles, especially those with newer, more environmentally friendly engines.
Cement
Cement is a finely ground powder, is primarily made from limestone, clay, shells, and silica. When mixed with water, it undergoes a chemical reaction called hydration, which makes it harden and gain strength.
Cement is graded based on its compressive strength (measured in megapascals or MPa) at 28 days of curing. The grades are:
32.5 Grade Cement (general, construction),
42.5 Grade Cement (residential buildings),
52.5 Grade Cement (bridges, high-rise buildings)